Although our country's overall ecological protection has improved in recent years, the trend of ecological environment deterioration has not been fundamentally reversed. Delineating the red line of ecological protection, reforming the ecological environmental protection management system, and building ecological civilization reflect the country's deep concern for ecological and environmental protection. Ecological red lines are systematic and need to be continuously improved. The author suggests that the state should introduce ecological red line control policies and measures and ecological red line management regulations as soon as possible to implement the strictest control over ecological red line areas.

First, the construction of ecological civilization should establish three red line systems: population, resources and environment. First, the ecological red line should not only include the guarantee of natural ecological functions, but also environmental quality and environmental risks, including regional delineation (the land within the ecological control line is divided into strict protected areas, controlled development zones, and zoning control is implemented for construction projects). The second is to strictly control construction projects. Implement strict process control for projects that are allowed to be built, requiring them to follow the principles of ecological environmental protection in the planning, design and construction process, strictly control the intensity of development, adopt planning and construction technologies with low impact on the ecological environment, and strengthen the construction of various supporting environmental protection and greening projects. The third is to implement classified disposal of existing construction projects and villages. Existing industrial and development projects with serious environmental impacts are gradually withdrawn or planned to be relocated.

Second, establish a nationwide ecological protection red line system. As a national strategy, the ecological red line must be coordinated by multiple departments, especially the planning and land departments. Therefore, the state should coordinate multiple departments, set up a special agency, and establish a national ecological protection red line system. Use the delineation of ecological protection red lines as a tool to carry out unified planning and control management of the national land. Centralized management of national natural resources will be carried out to protect and restore mountains, rivers, forests, fields and lakes.

Third, there must be institutional guarantees. The red line index is a very complex system, and the adjustment of the ecological control line can only be carried out according to the procedure when the construction of major national, provincial and municipal projects needs or the adjustment of the upper level planning, and it is really necessary to make partial adjustments to the ecological control line. The adjustment of the ecological control line must follow the principles of ecological priority, total amount without reduction, balance of occupation and compensation, and equal ecological functions. Therefore, there must be relevant institutional guarantees. The first is to establish a management and accountability system for red line areas. Implement management and protection units, clarify personnel, responsibilities and tasks, and establish an assessment mechanism to enable the ecological red line area to recuperate. The second is to establish an ecological access system. Incorporate the protection requirements of the ecological red line area into the environmental protection system as a prerequisite for project environmental protection approval, and implement zero tolerance for projects that conflict with the protection requirements of the ecological red line area. The third is to establish an ecological red line supervision system. For violations of laws and regulations in the ecological red line area, carry out special actions for pollution remediation and ecological restoration, clean up enterprises and behaviors that do not meet the requirements, and urge the ecological restoration project to be completed as soon as possible, as soon as possible.

Fourth, the ecological red line should extend from the ecological space red line to the ecological resource red line and the ecological environment red line. The ecological red line mainly includes the red line of biodiversity protection, the protection red line of important ecological function areas and the red line of ecological security barrier protection.

To this end, a vertical ecological compensation mechanism covering major ecosystems, prohibited areas and key ecological function areas should be established and improved. At present, there has been no unified standard for ecological compensation, and the amount of compensation is generally only symbolic, which cannot mobilize the enthusiasm of local ecological protection. Therefore, it is necessary to promote the establishment of a horizontal ecological compensation mechanism between development and protection areas, between beneficiary and protection areas, and between upstream and downstream areas, so as to benefit ecological and environmental protectors. At the same time, taxation, market and other mechanisms should be introduced to strictly control the occupation of land and ecological resources in the ecological red line area, and in accordance with the principle of "whoever develops, protects, destroys and restores, and who benefits and compensates", we should comprehensively use economic means such as prices, finance and taxation, finance, industry and trade, change the status quo of low prices of resources and priceless environment, and form scientific and reasonable compensation mechanisms for resources and environment, input mechanisms, property rights and use rights transactions, and other mechanisms, so as to curb the excessive consumption of natural resources and the deterioration of the ecological environment from the root.

Information source: People's Daily Online