Welcome to our website!
HOTLINE：8618928935898
LANGUAGE
Notice on Printing and Distributing the Overall Plan for the Construction of Ecological and Environmental Big Data
Environmental protection departments (bureaus) of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, all departments of organs, dispatched agencies and directly subordinate units:
In order to implement the spirit of the "Notice of the State Council on Printing and Distributing the Action Plan for Promoting the Development of Big Data" (Guo Fa [2015] No. 50) and actively carry out the construction and application of ecological and environmental big data, our Ministry organized and compiled the "Overall Plan for the Construction of Ecological and Environmental Big Data". It is hereby issued to you, please follow it.
Overall plan for the construction of ecological and environmental big data
Big data is a data collection with large capacity, multiple types, fast access speed, and high application value, and is rapidly developing into a new generation of information technology and service formats that collects, stores, and correlates data with huge amounts, scattered sources, and diverse formats, from which new knowledge, new value, and new capabilities are discovered. Comprehensively promoting the development and application of big data and accelerating the construction of a data power has become our country's national strategy.
The Party Central Committee and the State Council attach great importance to the status and role of big data in promoting the construction of ecological civilization. General Secretary Xi Jinping clearly pointed out that it is necessary to promote the networking and sharing of national ecological environment monitoring data and carry out ecological environment big data analysis. Premier Li Keqiang stressed the need to introduce big data supervision in key areas such as environmental protection and take the initiative to investigate violations of laws and regulations. The State Council's "Action Plan for Promoting the Development of Big Data" and other documents require promoting the interconnection and sharing of government information systems and public data, and promoting the innovative application of big data in various industries; use modern information technology to strengthen government public services and market supervision, and promote the streamlining of administration and decentralization and the transformation of government functions; Build an "Internet +" green ecology to realize the interconnection and open sharing of ecological and environmental data. Minister Chen Jining requested that information technologies such as big data and "Internet +" have become important means to promote the modernization of the environmental governance system and governance capacity, and it is necessary to strengthen the comprehensive application and integrated analysis of ecological and environmental big data to provide strong support for scientific decision-making on ecological and environmental protection.
At present, environmental informatization has outstanding problems such as poor institutional mechanisms, scattered infrastructure and system construction, many application "chimneys" and data "islands", low level of business collaboration and information resource development and utilization, and weak comprehensive support and public service capabilities, which make it difficult to adapt to and meet the needs of ecological and environmental protection in the new era.
In order to implement the decision-making and deployment of the Party Central Committee and the State Council and the requirements of the Party group of the ministry, make full use of modern information technology means such as big data and cloud computing to comprehensively improve the level of comprehensive decision-making, supervision and governance and public services of ecological and environmental protection, and accelerate the transformation of environmental management methods and working methods, this plan is formulated.
1. General requirements
(1) Guiding ideology
Thoroughly implement the spirit of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the 3rd, 4th and 5th Plenary Sessions of the 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the spirit of General Secretary Xi Jinping's series of important speeches, in accordance with the decisions and arrangements of the Party Central Committee and the State Council, with the improvement of environmental quality as the core, strengthen top-level design and overall coordination, improve the system and standard system, unify infrastructure construction, promote the integration and interconnection of information resources and the open sharing of data, promote business collaboration, promote the construction and application of big data, and ensure data security. Through the development and application of ecological and environmental big data, we will promote the transformation of environmental management, improve the ability of ecological and environmental governance, and provide strong support for achieving the overall goal of improving the quality of the ecological environment.
(2) Basic principles
Top-level design and application orientation. Carry out top-level design of big data around the modernization of ecological and environmental governance system and governance capabilities, with open top-level design, comprehensive innovation and application, and flexible infrastructure, and constantly adapt to the new situation, new tasks and new requirements of ecological and environmental management.
Open sharing and strengthening application. Coordinate the integration of internal and external data resources, apply them while integrating, and promote the open sharing of data resources. Encourage business innovation, management innovation and model innovation, and gradually form a new pattern of ecological and environmental big data application.
Improve norms and ensure safety. Establish a working mechanism for ecological and environmental big data management, improve the big data standard and specification system, ensure data accuracy, consistency and authenticity, strengthen operation and maintenance management and security protection, and ensure information security.
Step-by-step implementation and key breakthroughs. The construction of big data should not only be phased, but also have key breakthroughs. First, breakthroughs have been achieved in environmental impact assessment, environmental monitoring, environmental emergency, and environmental information services.
(3) Overall structure
The overall architecture of ecological and environmental big data is "one mechanism, two systems, and three platforms". One mechanism is the ecological environment big data management working mechanism, two sets of systems are organizational guarantee and standard specification system, unified operation and maintenance and information security system, and three platforms are big data environmental protection cloud platform, big data management platform and big data application platform. As shown in the following figure:
Overall architecture diagram of ecological and environmental big data construction
A mechanism: The working mechanism of ecological and environmental big data management includes working mechanisms such as data sharing and openness, business collaboration, as well as innovative application mechanisms such as scientific decision-making, precise supervision and public services of ecological and environmental big data, to promote the formation and application of big data.
Two sets of systems: organizational guarantee and standard specification system provide institutional guarantees such as organizational structure, talent funds and standards for big data construction; The unified operation and maintenance and information security system provides technical guarantees such as stable operation and safety and reliability for big data systems.
Three platforms: The ecological and environmental big data platform is divided into infrastructure layer, data resource layer and business application layer. Among them, the big data environmental protection cloud platform is an intensively constructed IT infrastructure layer, providing unified basic support services for big data processing and application. The big data management platform is the data resource layer, providing unified data collection, analysis and processing support services for big data applications. The big data application platform is a business application layer that provides comprehensive services for the application of big data in various fields.
(4) Main objectives
Through the construction and application of ecological and environmental big data, the following goals will be achieved in the next five years:
Realize the scientific comprehensive decision-making of the ecological environment. Big data is used as an important means to support scientific decision-making in ecological and environmental management to achieve "data decision-making". Use big data to support the comprehensive research and judgment of the environmental situation, the formulation of environmental policies and measures, the prediction and early warning of environmental risks, and the consultation and evaluation of key work, improve the scientific level of comprehensive ecological and environmental management, and enhance the ability of environmental protection to participate in economic development and macroeconomic regulation and control.
Realize the precision of ecological and environmental supervision. Make full use of big data to improve environmental supervision capabilities, help streamline administration and delegate power, improve the supervision mechanism during and after the event, and realize "data management". Use big data to support regulatory means such as the rule of law, credit, and society, and improve the initiative, accuracy, and effectiveness of ecological and environmental supervision.
Realize the convenience of ecological and environmental public services. Use big data to innovate government service concepts and service methods to achieve "data services". Use big data to support ecological and environmental information disclosure, online integrated services, and comprehensive information services, establish a fair, inclusive, convenient and efficient ecological and environmental public service system, improve the ability and sharing of public services, and give full play to the service role of ecological and environmental data resources in people's production, life, and economic and social activities.
2. Main tasks
(1) Promote the comprehensive integration and sharing of data resources
Improve the ability to obtain data resources. Strengthen the planning of ecological and environmental data resources, clarify the responsibility for data resource collection, establish a catalog of data collection responsibilities, avoid duplicate collection, and gradually realize "one collection, multiple applications". Use new technologies such as the Internet of Things and mobile Internet to broaden data acquisition channels, innovate data collection methods, and improve the ability to comprehensively perceive and monitor various environmental elements and various pollution sources such as atmosphere, water, soil, ecology, nuclear and radiation. Standardize data transmission based on environmental protection cloud to ensure timely data reporting and information security.
Strengthen the integration of data resources. Strictly implement the "Interim Measures for the Management of Informatization Construction Projects of the Ministry of Environmental Protection", coordinate the construction and management of informatization projects, and break down data islands. Establish an ecological and environmental information resource catalog system, use the information resource catalog system management system to realize the integration and dynamic update of data resources in the system, and build a national ecological environment basic database such as ecological environment quality, environmental pollution, natural ecology, nuclear and radiation. Access other national basic data resources such as the national population basic information database, legal entity resource database, natural resources and spatial geography basic database through the unified government data sharing and exchange platform. Expand and absorb relevant ministries and commissions, industry associations, large state-owned enterprises and Internet-related data, form an environmental information resource center, and realize data interconnection.
Promote data resource sharing services. Clarify the scope boundaries and usage methods of data sharing in various departments, clarify the obligations and powers of data management and sharing of each department, formulate management measures for data resource sharing, compile a data resource sharing catalog, and focus on promoting data sharing such as ecological environment quality, environmental supervision, environmental law enforcement, and environmental emergency response. Build an ecological and environmental data resource sharing platform based on the environmental protection business private network, provide flexible and diverse data retrieval services, form a data sharing mechanism based on direct access to the platform and supplemented by inter-departmental data exchange and acquisition, develop ecological and environmental data products, and improve the management and service level of data sharing.
Promote the opening of ecological and environmental data. Establish an open catalog of ecological and environmental data, formulate a data opening plan, and clarify the responsibility for data opening and maintenance. Priority will be given to promoting the opening of air, water, soil, ocean and other ecological environment quality monitoring data, pollutant emission data such as regions, river basins, and industries, risk source data such as nuclear and radiation, solid waste, and risk assessment data on environmental damage caused by chemicals, natural ecological data such as important ecological function areas, nature reserves, and priority areas for biodiversity conservation, and supervision and law enforcement data such as environmental violations and penalties. Rely on the government website of the Ministry of Environmental Protection to build an open platform for ecological and environmental data to improve the standardization and authority of data openness.
(2) Strengthen scientific decision-making on the ecological environment
Improve the level of macro decision-making. Establish a panoramic ecological environment situation research and judgment model, strengthen the correlation analysis and comprehensive research and judgment of ecological environment quality, pollution sources, pollutants, environmental carrying capacity and other data, strengthen the integrated utilization and information services of economic and social, basic geography, meteorology and hydrology, and the Internet, provide information support for the formulation of policies and regulations, planning plans, standards and specifications, and support the scientific formulation of ecological protection red lines, total red lines and access red lines. Use cross-departmental and cross-regional data resources to support the implementation and work consultation of the three major action plans of atmosphere, water and soil, quantitatively and visually evaluate the effectiveness of implementation, serve the joint prevention and control of key regions such as Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, and support regional environmental management and innovation. Carry out dynamic monitoring and evaluation of environmental protection progress, plan implementation, fund implementation, and performance of results, support the construction of a professional and refined environmental management system with environmental quality improvement as the core, and improve the predictability, pertinence and timeliness of management decisions.
Improve environmental emergency response capabilities. Use modern information technology means such as big data and cloud computing to quickly collect and process massive data involving environmental risks, environmental reports, environmental emergencies, public opinion, etc., and comprehensively use environmental risk sources, hazardous chemicals and their transportation, hydrometeorology and other data from environmental protection, transportation, water conservancy, marine, safety supervision, meteorology and other departments to carry out big data statistical analysis, build big data analysis models, build environmental emergency big data applications based on spatial geographic information systems, and improve emergency command, disposal decision-making and other capabilities.
Strengthen environmental public opinion monitoring and policy guidance. Establish an Internet big data public opinion monitoring system, automatically capture, theme retrieval, and special focus on Internet information for hot issues such as major environmental protection policies, environmental impact assessments of construction projects, and pollution accidents, and provide public opinion analysis reports for management departments, grasp the situation of events, and correctly guide public opinion.
(3) Innovate the ecological environment supervision model
Improve the ability to scientifically respond to smog. Strengthen the integration of national smog monitoring data, focusing on the integration of historical data on smog monitoring since 2013, and simultaneously integrate meteorology, remote sensing, emission inventory, urban source analysis and environmental law enforcement data to form a knowledge base of smog cases. Carry out big data analysis and application of haze prediction and early warning, support the early release of haze, the formulation of emergency plans, the implementation of plans, and supervision and law enforcement, provide information services and technical support for the study and judgment and response to the haze situation, and improve the level of scientific haze prevention and control.
Promote unified supervision of environmental assessment. Establish environmental impact assessment data standards and sharing mechanisms, build a national environmental impact assessment management information system, improve the ability of environmental impact assessment statistical analysis, prediction and early warning, promote the transformation of pre-approval of environmental impact assessment supervision to in-process and post-event supervision, and realize the management model of "one account" of national environmental impact assessment data.
Enhance monitoring and early warning capabilities. Accelerate the construction of ecological environment monitoring information transmission networks and big data platforms, strengthen the development and application of ecological environment monitoring data resources, carry out big data correlation analysis, expand the collection and integration of social monitoring information, support the refined analysis and real-time visual expression of the current status of ecological environment quality, improve the accuracy of source analysis, enhance the ability to analyze and warn ecological environment quality trends, and provide data support for decision-making, management and law enforcement of ecological environmental protection.
Innovate supervision and law enforcement methods. Use environmental information collection channels such as environmental violation reporting and Internet collection, combined with the enterprise's industry and commerce, taxation, quality inspection, industry and information technology, certification and other information, to carry out big data analysis, accurately crack down on illegal acts such as unapproved construction, illegal discharge and omission, and excessive discharge, early warning of illegal risks of enterprises, and support the transformation of environmental supervision and law enforcement from passive response to active investigation of illegal acts, so as to realize differentiated, precise and refined management of pollutant discharge enterprises.
Carry out environmental supervision and supervision. Research and formulate a green development index system, build a natural resource balance sheet, establish and improve the government's environmental assessment methods and processes, establish ecological and environmental damage assessment methods, and provide data and technical support for the implementation and implementation of the outgoing audit system, enterprise compensation system, ecological compensation mechanism, and accountability system for local leading cadres.
Strengthen environmental supervision methods. Establish a unified national real-time online environmental monitoring system to achieve full coverage of ecological environment quality, major pollution sources, and ecological status monitoring and monitoring. Collect and release information on drinking water sources, urban black and odorous water bodies, urban dust, soil pollution sites, nuclear and radiation, strengthen the disclosure of enterprise pollutant discharge information, and use the "Internet +" method to integrate enterprise information.
Establish a "one-certificate" pollution source management model. With the pollutant discharge permit system as the core, the "certificate" content of the pollutant discharge permit is used to support the effective connection between the pollutant discharge permit and environmental standards, environmental monitoring, environmental statistics, environmental assessment, total control, pollutant discharge charges (environmental tax), permit supervision and other systems, establish a unique fixed pollution source information directory, carry out unified code management of pollution sources, realize the integration and sharing of pollution source emission information, effectively promote collaborative governance, and open a new model of "one certificate" pollution source management.
Strengthen environmental credit supervision. Comprehensively use information technology to embed the call of enterprise environmental credit information and credit status review in the workflow of environmental protection administrative licensing, environmental management of construction projects, environmental inspection and law enforcement, special fund management of environmental protection, environmental protection science and technology project approval, and environmental protection evaluation and excellence. Carry out classified supervision of enterprises with different environmental credit statuses, give priority to support enterprises with good environmental credit status, and strengthen restraint and punishment for untrustworthiness. Explore the trial implementation of enterprise credit reporting and credit commitment systems in environmental management.
Promote ecological protection supervision. Strengthen the comprehensive application of satellite remote sensing, unmanned aerial vehicles, the Internet of Things, and survey statistics, and improve the integrated monitoring capabilities of natural ecology and heaven and earth. Strengthen the integrated analysis of natural ecological data, realize monitoring and evaluation, prediction and early warning, supervision and law enforcement of key ecological function areas, ecological protection red lines, biodiversity conservation priority areas, and nature reserves, and support joint prevention and control of ecological protection areas.
Ensure nuclear and radiation safety. Further strengthen the standardization of nuclear and radiation safety information, improve the rate of network data sharing, exchange and acquisition, continuously enhance data aggregation and correlation analysis capabilities, promote the online review and approval of nuclear facilities, nuclear safety equipment, nuclear technology utilization, personnel qualifications and nuclear activities related to nuclear and radiation safety, fully realize real-time control and early warning of nuclear and radiation safety risks, improve the scientific and informatization level of nuclear and radiation safety supervision and decision-making, and ensure our country's nuclear and radiation safety.
Enhance the ability to supervise the social environment. By collecting and integrating multi-source heterogeneous environmental protection reporting data, intelligent environmental protection report perception and anomaly detection are realized, environmental protection reporting needs are explored, reporting scenarios are intelligently analyzed, and environmental protection reporting management processes are dynamically generated and adjusted, so as to achieve coordinated, orderly and efficient management of national environmental protection reporting work.
Carry out the application of big data for environmental protection party building. Strengthen the collection, management and analysis and application of environmental protection party building information, provide efficient, accurate and timely information resources and management means for party committees at all levels, develop party building management application systems and their APP clients, support the management of party members and cadres, the disclosure of party affairs information, the dynamics of party building work, the implementation of party rules and discipline, and the implementation of "two responsibilities", and improve the scientific level of party building work.
(4) Improve ecological and environmental public services
Comprehensively promote online service services. Integrate the administrative licensing approval system and information such as environmental impact assessment of integrated construction projects, approval of transboundary transfer of hazardous waste, establishment and adjustment of nature reserves, establish an online approval data resource database, and build a "one-stop" service platform. Build an e-government service hall, form an integrated service model that combines online services and physical hall services, online services and offline services, and achieve unified acceptance, synchronous review, information sharing, and transparency and openness. Through the national unified government data sharing and exchange platform, strengthen the cross-departmental sharing of administrative approval data, support parallel approval, continuously optimize the work process, and improve the convenience of work.
Improve the quality of information disclosure services. Strengthen the construction of information disclosure channels, and improve the quality and timeliness of information disclosure through the construction of Internet-based information platforms such as government websites and official Weibo and WeChat. Actively do a good job in active disclosure to meet the public's environmental information needs. Improve the supervision and review mechanism for information disclosure, standardize the release and interpretation of information, and convey comprehensive, accurate and authoritative information. Continuously expand the minister's mailbox, 12369 environmental protection hotline, Weibo WeChat and other government-civilian interaction channels, respond to public opinions, suggestions and reports in a timely manner, and increase public participation.
Expand the government's comprehensive service capabilities. Focusing on optimizing and improving people's livelihood services, stimulating social vitality, and promoting the marketization of big data applications, establish a comprehensive ecological and environmental service platform, make full use of industry and social data, develop information products in environmental quality, environmental health, environmental certification, environmental credit, green production, etc., and provide effective and convenient all-round information services. Promote the convergence and integration of traditional public service data and mobile Internet data, develop various convenient applications, and optimize the allocation of public resources.
(5) Coordinate the construction of a big data platform
Build a big data environmental protection cloud platform. Strengthen the top-level design and overall layout of big data infrastructure technical architecture, spatial layout, construction mode, service mode, institutional guarantee, etc., implement intensive construction, centralized management, and overall operation and maintenance of network resources, computing resources, storage resources, and security resources, and build an environmental protection cloud platform in the "one cloud" model. Implement the deployment of the environmental protection cloud platform of the business system to ensure information security. Promote the construction of intra-city backup and off-site disaster recovery centers.
Build a big data management platform. The big data management platform is a platform for data resource transmission and exchange, storage management, analysis and processing, and provides unified data support services for big data applications. It mainly realizes basic functions such as data transmission and exchange, management and monitoring, sharing and openness, analysis and mining, supports distributed computing, streaming data processing, big data correlation analysis, trend analysis, spatial analysis, and supports the research and development and application of big data products.
Build a big data application platform. Use new concepts, new technologies and new methods of big data to carry out innovative applications such as comprehensive ecological and environmental decision-making, environmental supervision and public services, and provide services for ecological and environmental decision-making and management.
(6) Promote big data pilots
Carry out local big data application pilots. According to local characteristics, select representative provinces and cities to carry out innovative applications of ecological and environmental big data, explore application models, and promote the promotion and implementation of pilot results.
3. Safeguard measures
(1) Improve the organization and implementation mechanism
Establish a leading group and its office for the construction of ecological and environmental big data, establish an overall coordination mechanism for the development and application of big data, clarify the division of responsibilities and work requirements of each unit, and form a work pattern of coordination and comprehensive promotion. Integrate and optimize the environmental informatization team, strengthen basic and applied research and talent training related to big data. Standardize information project management, make full use of infrastructure such as environmental protection business private networks, strictly approve and accept projects, increase capital investment, and ensure the smooth development of tasks related to big data construction.
(2) Improve the data management system
Establish and improve the ecological environment data management system, clarify the data responsibilities, obligations and use rights of all levels and departments, reasonably define the use method and scope of business data, standardize data collection, storage, sharing and application, and ensure data consistency, accuracy and authority. Formulate measures for environmental information resource management and data contribution assessment to promote the maximum sharing and openness of data under the principle of controllable risks.
(3) Establish a standard and specification system
Strengthen the research on big data standards and specifications, combined with the main construction tasks of big data, and focus on promoting the formulation and implementation of standards and specifications in terms of ecological and environmental data integration, transmission and exchange, sharing and openness, application support, data quality and information security.
(4) Implement unified operation and maintenance management
Implement the ecological environment big data operation and management system, standardize the operation and maintenance process, and form a relatively complete operation and maintenance management system. Strengthen the capacity building of big data operation guarantee, monitoring and early warning, rely on professional operation and maintenance teams, implement unified operation and maintenance of big data infrastructure such as networks, computing, storage, basic software, and security equipment, realize rapid system deployment and update, reasonable and efficient scheduling of resources, real-time dynamic monitoring of the network, security, stability and reliability, effectively reduce the cost of operation and maintenance, and improve the quality and level of operation and maintenance services.
(5) Strengthen information security
Establish a centralized and unified information security guarantee mechanism, and clarify the boundaries, responsible entities, and specific requirements for information security in all aspects of data collection, transmission, storage, use, and openness. Implement national information security systems such as information security level protection and hierarchical protection, and carry out information security level assessment, risk assessment, security precautions, emergency response, and other work. Strengthen network security construction, build an environmental protection cloud security management center, and enhance the security capabilities of big data and environmental protection cloud infrastructure, data resources and application systems.
General Office of the Ministry of Environmental Protection
March 7, 2016
Issued by the General Office of the Ministry of Environmental Protection on March 8, 2016